Enhancement of the T cell response to a mycobacterial peptide by conjugation to synthetic branched polypeptide

A peptide-based approach towards improving the immunodiagnosis of, and vacc ination against, tuberculosis faces the problems of MHC restriction of T ce ll recognition and the poor immunogenicity of peptides in the absence of ad juvant. We sought to compensate this by the use of synthetic branched polyp eptides of the poly[Lys-(X-i-DL-Ala(m))] type, containing a glutamic acid r esidue (EAK), and further modified either by succinylation (SucEAK) or acet ylation (AcEAK). These carriers were conjugated to two permissively recogni zed peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The 38p350-369-SucEAK conjugate enhanced IFN-gamma production more than 13-fold (from 22.6 to 294 pg/ml, p = 0.001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects, and 8.7-fold (p = 0.012) in cells from tuberculosis patients. The effect was de pendent on the carrier used and on covalent linkage of SucEAK to 38p350-369 . An increased response occurred best in cells from subjects bearing at lea st one HLA-DR allele for which 38p350-369 had high binding affinity and req uired cellular processing of the conjugate as inhibitors (chloroquine and w ortmannin) blocked the IFN-gamma response. SucEAK conjugation of peptide 16 p91-110 did not significantly increase IFN-gamma production, indicating tha t the ability of conjugation to enhance the response was peptide structure dependent. These data indicate that the use of SucEAK polymer coupled with permissively recognized peptides could contribute to the development of an improved immunodiagnostic or vaccine reagent for tuberculosis.