Limitation of algal growth by iron deficiency in the Australian Subantarctic region

In March 1998 we measured iron in the upper water column and conducted iron - and nutrient-enrichment bottle-incubation experiments in the open-ocean S ubantarctic region southwest of Tasmania, Australia. In the Subtropical Con vergence Zone (similar to 42 degrees 5, 142 degrees E), silicic acid concen trations were low (<1.5 mu M) in the upper water column, whereas pronounced vertical gradients in dissolved iron concentration (0.12-0.84 nM) were obs erved, presumably reflecting the interleaving of Subtropical and Subantarct ic waters, and mineral aerosol input. Results of a bottle-incubation experi ment performed at this location indicate that phytoplankton growth rates we re limited by iron deficiency within the iron-poor layer of the euphotic zo ne. In the Subantarctic water mass (similar to 46.8 degrees S, 142 degrees E), low concentrations of dissolved iron (0.05-0.11 nM) and silicic acid (< 1 mu M) were measured throughout the upper water column, and our experiment al results indicate that algal growth was limited by iron deficiency. These observations suggest that availability of dissolved iron is a primary fact or limiting phytoplankton growth over much of the Subantarctic Southern Oce an in the late summer and autumn.