In many countries, margarines are fortified by the addition of fat-sol
uble vitamins. Vitamin A is usually added in the form of its palmitate
or acetate esters or as beta-carotene. The addition of vitamin A-este
rs to margarines can be controlled by HPLC using silica columns. Vario
us approaches for this analysis are discussed in this paper. The analy
sis of added vitamin A in the ester form (without saponification) prov
ides a number of advantages which are also discussed. In gradient-elut
ion HPLC the separation of several lipid-soluble vitamins (Vitamin A e
sters, beta-carotene and tocopherols) is possible.