Recording, display, and evaluation methods to obtain quantitative information from electron holograms

Digital recording has become a basic requirement for electron holography fo r many reasons. The fact that it allows live-time evaluation of the phase i nformation and easy recording of a reference hologram are two very importan t reasons that are widely appreciated. Here we will discuss requirements fo r recording electron holograms under the special conditions imposed by the Nyquist limit and the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the charge-coup led device (CCD) camera. As electron holography provides complex images car rying both the amplitude and phase of the image wave, the question of how t o best display the information will be investigated. This is not an easy qu estion, because special aspects of different applications require different solutions. Methods for display and evaluation of holographic data are desc ribed. Published by Elsevier Science Inc., 1999.