22q11 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is due to microdeletions of chromosome regi
on 22q11.2. Little is known about the phenotype of adults. We reviewed avai
lable case reports of adults (age greater than or equal to 18 years) with 2
2qDS and compared the prevalence of key findings to those reported in a lar
ge European survey of 22qDS (497 children and 61 adults) [Ryan et al,, 1997
: J, Med, Genet. 34:798-804], Fifty-five studies reported on 126 adults (83
women, 40 men, 3 unknown sex), mean age 29.6 years (SD = 8.7 years). Compa
red with the European survey, adults with 22qDS reviewed had a lower rate o
f CHD, 30% versus 75%; chi(2) = 88,65, df = 1, P < 0.0001, but higher rates
of identified palate anomalies, 88% versus 15%; chi(2) = 37.45, df = 1, P
< 0.0001, and learning difficulties, 94% versus 79%; chi(2) = 12.13, df = 1
, P = < 0.0008. The most common finding reported was minor facial anomalies
, Few reports provided details of minor physical anomalies, Psychiatric con
ditions were more prevalent, 36% versus 18%; chi(2) = 5.71, df = 1, P < 0.0
2, than in the survey: 60% of reviewed adults were transmitting parents (72
% mothers) ascertained following diagnosis of affected offspring. They had
lower rates of CHD, cleft palate, and psychiatric disorders but similar rat
es of learning disabilities, and other palate and facial anomalies compared
with adults ascertained by other methods. The results suggest that learnin
g disabilities and facial and palate anomalies may be key findings in 22qDS
adults, but that ascertainment is a key factor in the observed phenotype.
Comprehensive studies of adults with 22qDS identified independently of fami
lial transmission are necessary to further delineate the phenotype of adult
s and to determine the natural history of the syndrome, Am. J, Med, Genet.
86:359-365, 1999, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.