The sociology of religion is experiencing a period of substantial organizat
ional and intellectual growth. Recent theoretical and empirical papers on t
he sociology of religion appearing in top journals in sociology have genera
ted both interest and controversy. We begin with a selective overview of re
search on religious beliefs and commitments. Second, we investigate the inf
luence of religion on politics, the family, health and well-being, and on f
ree space and social capital. Finally, we review rational choice theories i
n the sociology of religion and the controversies surrounding applications
of these perspectives.