High-resolution satellite-derived dataset of the surface fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum for the TOGA COARE IOP

An integrated approach is presented for determining from several different satellite datasets all of the components of the tropical sea surface fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum. The methodology for obtaining the surfa ce turbulent and radiative fluxes uses physical properties of the atmospher e and surface retrieved from satellite observations as inputs into models o f the surface turbulent and radiative flux processes. The precipitation ret rieval combines analysis of satellite microwave brightness temperatures wit h a statistical model employing satellite observations of visible/infrared radiances. A high-resolution dataset has been prepared for the Tropical Oce an Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COA RE) intensive observation period (TOP), with a spatial resolution of 50 lan and temporal resolution of 3 h. The high spatial resolution is needed to r esolve the diurnal and mesoscale storm-related variations of the fluxes. Th e fidelity of the satellite-derived surface fluxes is examined by comparing them with in situ measurements obtained from ships and aircraft during the TOGA. COARE IOP and from vertically integrated budgets of heat and freshwa ter for the atmosphere and ocean. The root-mean-square differences between the satellite-derived and in situ fluxes are dominated by limitations in th e satellite sampling; these are reduced when some averaging is done, partic ularly for the precipitation (which is from a statistical algorithm) and th e surface solar radiation (which uses spatially sampled satellite pixels). Nevertheless, the fluxes are determined with a useful accuracy, even at the highest temporal and spatial resolution. By compiling the fluxes at such h igh resolution, users of the dataset can decide whether and how to average for particular purposes. For example, over time, space, or similar weather events.