Cloning of fish enzymes and other fish protein genes

Fish metabolism needs special enzymes that have maximum activity at very di fferent conditions than their mammalian counterparts. Due to the difference s in activity, these enzymes, especially cold-adapted proteases, could be u sed advantageously for the production of some foods. In addition to the enz ymes, this review describes some other unique fish polypeptides such as ant ifreeze proteins, fluorescent proteins, antitumor peptides, antibiotics, an d hormones, that have already been cloned and used in food processing, gene tic engineering, medicine, and aquaculture. Recombinant DNA technology, whi ch allows these biological molecules to be cloned and overexpressed in micr oorganisms is also described, highlighting innovative applications. The exp ected impact of cloning fish proteins in different fields of technology is discussed.