Jmp. De La Lastra et al., Distribution of membrane cofactor protein (MCP/CD46) on pig tissues. Relevance to xenotransplantation, IMMUNOLOGY, 98(1), 1999, pp. 144-151
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a 50-60 000 MW glycoprotein, expre
ssed on a wide variety of cells and tissues in man, which plays an importan
t role in regulating complement activation. Human MCP has also been shown t
o be the receptor for measles virus. We have recently identified the pig an
alogue of MCP and demonstrated that pig MCP has cofactor activity for facto
r I-mediated cleavage of C3b when these components are derived either from
pig or human. As a consequence, pig MCP is an efficient regulator of the cl
assic and alternative pathways of human and pig complement. In order to def
ine the potential importance of MCP in protecting against complement activa
tion in the pig, we have conducted a comprehensive survey of its distributi
on in pig cells and organs. As in humans, MCP in the pig is broadly and abu
ndantly distributed. Pig MCP is highly expressed on all circulating cells,
including erythrocytes, in contrast to its absence on human erythrocytes. M
ultiple isoforms of MCP are found on cells and in tissues, probably represe
nting products of alternative splicing analogous to those found in man. MCP
is abundantly expressed throughout all tissues examined with particularly
strong staining on the vascular endothelium. Connective tissue elements wit
hin liver and testis are also strongly stained by anti-pig MCP antibodies.
Pig MCP is expressed only weakly on skeletal muscle cells and expression is
absent from smooth muscle cells in the lung and vessel walls, sites at whi
ch human MCP is expressed. Of particular note, MCP is not expressed in B-ce
ll areas of the germinal centres of lymph nodes.