Sd. De Lucca et al., Measurement and characterization of cockroach allergens detected during normal domestic activity, J ALLERG CL, 104(3), 1999, pp. 672-680
Background: Cockroach allergen is recognized as a causal factor for asthma.
However, airborne cockroach allergen has not been detected in undisturbed
conditions, and therefore the behavior and properties of airborne cockroach
allergen have been poorly characterized. A new aeroallergen sampling metho
d and sensitive system of immunoassay have been used to examine cockroach a
llergen exposure.
Objective: Our purpose was to measure and characterize airborne cockroach a
llergens during normal domestic exposure in the homes of Sydney, Australia.
Methods: Air sampling with Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh (I
OM) samplers was performed in the living rooms of 10 houses during low- and
no-disturbance environments, In addition, inhaled particles were collected
by each home occupant during low domestic exposure with use of intra-nasal
samplers that impact particles onto an adhesive surface. The particles col
lected on the IOMs and the intranasal samplers were immunostained with Bla
g 1 monoclonal antibodies. Particle size, morphologic characteristics, and
the relative Bla g 1 content of particles were estimated. Reservoir dust sa
mples from the kitchen, living room, and bedroom were assayed by an ELISA.
Two forms of repeatability of IOM air sampling were examined, The first mea
sure tested the repeatability of 2 IOM samples collected simultaneously in
the same room during low- and no-disturbance activities. The second measure
examined the repeatability of IOM;I sampling over time on 10 consecutive d
ays.
Results: Bla g 1 was detected in reservoir dust samples taken from all home
s (geometric mean 1.5 U/g, range 0.2-9.4 U/g), Inhaled particles containing
Bla g 1 were detected during 1 hour of intra-nasal sampling in 8 of 10 hom
es during low disturbance. Cockroach particles were detected on all of the
IOM samples collected for both 4-hour low-disturbance and overnight no-dist
urbance sampling environments. Particles containing Bla g 1 collected with
the IOM samplers during low disturbance ranged in size from 3 to 350 mu m.
These particles are amorphous and irregular in shape, and a majority of the
large particles were described as flakes (flat, transparent particles) and
fibers (threadlike). A relationship was demonstrated between the allergen
content of cockroach particles and their particle size. The larger particle
s elute more Bla g 1, The coefficient of repeatability for measurements mad
e during low and no disturbance was 3.62 and 2.09, respectively. For measur
ements repeated over time at the same site, the coefficient of repeatabilit
y was 2.61. This represents the fold range within which 95% of pairs of mea
surements made at an interval of 1 day would be expected to lie.
Conclusions: Airborne cockroach allergen is present in both undisturbed and
low-disturbance environments in homes with relatively low reservoir levels
of Bla g 1. In agreement with previous reports, airborne particles contain
ing cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) are mainly associated with particles >10 m
u m. These particles are amorphous and irregular in shape and can be descri
bed as flakes and fibers.