We compared the effects of reinforcing compliance with either positive rein
forcement (edible items) or negative reinforcement (a break) on 5 participa
nts' escape-maintained problem behavior. Both procedures were assessed with
or without extinction. Results showed that compliance was higher and probl
em behavior was lower for all participants when compliance produced an edib
le item rather than a break. Treatment gains were achieved without the use
of extinction. Results are discussed regarding the use of positive reinforc
ement to treat escape behavior.