Effect of gum arabic in an oral rehydration solution on recovery from diarrhea in rats

Background: It has been shown that gum arabic, a soluble fiber, enhances wa ter, electrolyte, and glucose absorption from oral rehydration solutions in jejunal perfusion of healthy rats and in animals with theophylline-induced secretion or chronic osmotic-secretory diarrhea. This report concerns a st udy of the effectiveness of an oral rehydration solution supplemented with gum arabic, during recovery from chronic osmotic secretory diarrhea in free -living rats. Methods: Chronic diarrhea was induced in 60- to 80-g juvenile rats by provi ding a magnesium citrate-phenolphthalein solution as the sole fluid source for 7 days. This led to diarrhea characterized by dehydration, soft stools, increased cecal volume, decreased food and fluid intake and failure to gai n weight. After 7 days of diarrhea, rats recovered for 24 hours with either tap water or an oral rehydration solution (90 mM Na, 111 mM glucose, 20 mM K, 80 mM chloride, 20 mM citrate) with or without 2.5 g/l gum arabic. Results: Although all three solutions improved the diarrhea, optimal recove ry from diarrhea was achieved with the gum arabic-supplemented oral rehydra tion solution. After 4 hours and 24 hours, rats drinking the gum arabic-sup plemented solution gained more weight and had lower fecal output than rats receiving water or the rehydration solution without gum arabic. All three s olutions normalized plasma osmolality after 24 hours. Conclusions: The positive effects of the gum arabic-supplemented rehydratio n solution on fluid and electrolyte absorption seen during jejunal perfusio n also occurred during recovery from chronic osmotic secretory diarrhea, wh en free-living animals drank the solution ad libitum.