Several sphingosine-like azetidine alkaloids have been synthesized fro
m the Gamer aldehyde 5, including the ATPase activator penaresidin A (
1a), its side chain isomer 1b, and rite 16-nor analogue (3b) of the pr
otein kinase C inhibitor penazetidine A 3a. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science
Ltd.