Truncating mutations in CCM1, encoding KRIT1, cause hereditary cavernous angiomas

Cavernous angiomas are vascular malformations mostly located in the central nervous system and characterized by enlarged capillary cavities without in tervening brain parenchyma(1). Clinical symptoms include seizures, haemorrh age and focal neurological deficits. Cavernous angiomas prevalence is close to 0.5% in the general population(2). They may be inherited as an autosoma l dominant condition in as much as 50% of cases(3). Cerebral cavernous malf ormations (CCM) loci were previously identified on 7q, 7p and 3q (refs 4,5) . A strong founder effect was observed in the Hispano-American population, all families being linked to CCM1 on 7q (refs 4,6,7). CCM1 locus assignment was refined to a 4-cM interval bracketed by D7S2410 and D7S689 (ref. 8). H ere we report a physical and transcriptional map of this interval and that CCM1, a gene whose protein product, KRIT1, interacts with RAP1A (also known as KREV1; ref. 9), a member of the RAS family of GTPases, is mutated in CC M1 families. Our data suggest the involvement of the RAP1A signal transduct ion pathway in vasculogenesis or angiogenesis(10).