M. Ikeda et al., Background exposure of general women populations in Japan to cadmium in the environment and possible health effects, TOX LETT, 108(2-3), 1999, pp. 161-166
1. The surveys were conducted in 1990s on 470 non-smoking adult women [with
no specific exposure to cadmium (Cd)] in 22 sites in six regions in Japan.
2. It was found that the dietary Cd intake (as a grand geometric mean) was
25.9 mu g/day, the Cd level in blood was 2.1 mu g/l, and Cd level in urine
was 2.1 mu g/g creat.
3. Cd in rice contributed about 30% of total dietary Cd intake.
4. There was a substantial reduction in Cd burden when compared with observ
ation in 1980s.
5. Effects on kidney functions were essentially negative when evaluated in
terms of beta 2(-)microglobulin (beta(2)-MG), but might be positive when al
pha(1)-microglobulin (alpha(1)-MG) was evaluated; further studies are appar
ently necessary.
6. No effects on liver functions were detected. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science I
reland Ltd. All rights reserved.