Lead zirconate titanate-barium titanate by mechanical activation of mixed oxides

For the first time, the perovskite phase in 0.9Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3-0.1BaTi O(3)(0.9PZT-0.1BT) is triggered to form in an oxide matrix consisting of Pb O, ZrO2, BaO, and TiO2. Unlike in the solid-state reaction activated by cal cination at an intermediate temperature, intermediate phases, such as PbTiO 3, were not observed with increasing degree of mechanical activation prior to the formation of perovskite 0.9Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3-0.1BaTiO(3) phase. Th is suggests that the nucleation and subsequent growth of perovskite crystal lites in the activated oxide composition are not a result of the interfacia l reactions that normally occur in the temperature-driven solid-state react ion. The mechanical activation-derived powders can be sintered to a relativ e density of > 97% theoretical at 1100 degrees C. Sintered 0.9Pb(Zr0.52Ti0. 48)O-3-0.1BaTiO(3) derived from mechanical activation of constituent oxides exhibits a maximum dielectric constant of 775 and a minimum dielectric los s of < 2% at room temperature when measured at 1.0 kHz.