Age and growth estimates of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) via aspartic acid racemization

A total of 48 eye globes were collected and analyzed to estimate ages of bo whead whales using the aspartic acid racemization technique. In this techni que, age is estimated based on intrinsic changes in the D and L enantiomeri c isomeric forms of aspartic acid in the eye lens nucleus. Age estimates we re successful for 42 animals. Racemization rate (k(Asp)) for aspartic acid was based on data from earlier studies of humans and fin whales; the estima te used was 1.18 x 10(-3)/year. The D/L ratio at birth ((D/L)(0)) Was estim ated using animals less than or equal to 2 years of age (n = 8), since vari ability in the D/L measurements is large enough that differences among ages in this range are unmeasurable. The (D/L)(0) estimate was 0.0285. Variance of the age estimates was obtained using the delta method. Based on these d ata, growth appears faster for females than males, and age at sexual maturi ty (age at length 12-13 m for males and 13-13.5 m for females) occurs at ar ound 25 years of age. Growth slows markedly for both sixes at roughly 40-50 years of age. Four individuals (all males) exceed 100 years of age. Standa rd error increased with estimated age, but the age estimates had lower coef ficients of variation for older animals. Recoveries of traditional whale-hu nting tools from five recently harvested whales also suggest life-spans in excess of 100 years of age in some cases.