Free and protein-bound carbohydrate structures

Several areas of research in the study of the structure and dynamics of fre e and protein-bound carbohydrates have experienced considerable advances du ring the past year. These include the application of state-of-the-art NMR t echniques using C-13-labeled sugars to obtain conformational information, t he full structural characterization of several saccharides that either form part of glycoproteins or form noncovalent complexes, both in solution and in the solid state, the description of several enzyme-carbohydrate complexe s at the atomic level and last, but not least, the development and analysis of calculation protocols to predict the dynamical and conformational behav ior of oligosaccharides.