A Neumann subproblem a posteriori finite element procedure for the efficien
t and accurate calculation of rigorous, constant-free upper and lower bound
s for non-linear outputs of the Helmholtz equation in two-dimensional exter
ior domains is presented. The bound procedure is firstly formulated, with p
articular emphasis on appropriate extension to complex-valued equations; th
en, illustrative numerical examples for outputs, such as the intensity of t
he scattered wave over a small segment of the domain boundary, are provided
. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley gr Sons, Ltd.