Decreased expression of CD44 is an independent prognostic marker for surgic
ally treated prostate cancer. To investigate immunohistochemically defined
CD44 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, 2 groups of pati
ents undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate can
cer were studied. (1) pN(1) group: 23 patients, finally staged pN(1), of wh
om the radical prostatectomy specimen and the lymph nodes were investigated
to establish a correlation between CD44 expression in the concurrently res
ected primaries and metastases; (2) pN(0) group: 23 patients with pN(0) dis
ease matched for pT stage and Gleason sum score with the pN(1) patients. Pr
ogression rates based on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels could
be determined in 42 of these 46 patients. In addition, 28 distant metastas
es were studied. A CD44 score of < 10% was found in 22 of the 23 lymph node
metastases (96%) and in 20 of the corresponding radical prostatectomies. I
n the pN(0) group this was observed in only 6 out of 23 specimens. In most
of the distant metastases CD44 scores were < 10%. Patients with pN(0) disea
se and > 10% CD44-positive tumor cells had a significantly better prognosis
than the other patients who were not significantly different from each oth
er. CD44 expression is thus strongly reduced in prostate cancer metastases
as well as in the corresponding primary tumors. This reduction may be used
to predict the N stage clinically, provided that CD44 scores can be determi
ned reliably on preoperative biopsy specimens. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.
) 84:478-483, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.