Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: An insider'sperspective on these developing streams of research

Over the last decade and a half, the topic areas of charismatic and transfo rmational leadership in organizational settings have undergone a significan t evolution in terms of both theory development and empirical investigation s. As a result, our knowledge about these leadership forms has deepened, an d there are several dominant theories that are now established paradigms in the leadership field. At the same time, despite advances, there are numero us dimensions of these leadership forms about which we still know very litt le. Given this moment in the field's evolution, it is only appropriate that we take stock of where we have been and where we need to go into the futur e. We therefore provide an overview of the evolution of charismatic and tra nsformational leadership in organizations. We examine progress along the fo llowing dimensions: 1) leader behaviors and their effects; 2) follower disp ositions and dependency dynamics; 3) contextual factors; 4) institutionaliz ation and succession forces; and 5) the liabilities of charismatic and tran sformational leaders.