Ja. Conger, Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: An insider'sperspective on these developing streams of research, LEADERSH Q, 10(2), 1999, pp. 145-179
Over the last decade and a half, the topic areas of charismatic and transfo
rmational leadership in organizational settings have undergone a significan
t evolution in terms of both theory development and empirical investigation
s. As a result, our knowledge about these leadership forms has deepened, an
d there are several dominant theories that are now established paradigms in
the leadership field. At the same time, despite advances, there are numero
us dimensions of these leadership forms about which we still know very litt
le. Given this moment in the field's evolution, it is only appropriate that
we take stock of where we have been and where we need to go into the futur
e. We therefore provide an overview of the evolution of charismatic and tra
nsformational leadership in organizations. We examine progress along the fo
llowing dimensions: 1) leader behaviors and their effects; 2) follower disp
ositions and dependency dynamics; 3) contextual factors; 4) institutionaliz
ation and succession forces; and 5) the liabilities of charismatic and tran
sformational leaders.