A new genus and species of anthropoid primate, Bahinia pondaungensis gen. e
t sp. nov., is described from the Yashe Kyitchaung Locality in the Late Mid
dle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar). it is related to Eosimias, but it
is represented by more complete remains. including upper dentition with ass
ociated lower jaw fragment. it is interpreted as a new representative of th
e family Eosimiidae, which corresponds to the sister group of the Amphipith
ecidae and of all other anthropoids. Eosimiidae are now recorded from three
distinct Middle Eocene Localities in Asia, giving support to the hypothesi
s of an Asian origin of anthropoids.