Background. We compared a new endoscopic treatment for malignant endobronch
ial obstruction known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the more establish
ed therapy of neodymium: yttrium-aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) therapy.
Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of the medical records at our
institution from 1988 to 1999 of patients treated for bronchial obstructio
n by thermal laser vaporization (Nd:YAG) or by PDT using the tunable dye la
ser in combination with a light-sensitive dye (PDT). The Nd:YAG procedure v
aporized the obstructing neoplasm, whereas the PDT procedure photoablated t
he obstruction. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity rates were analyzed for
both treatment groups using chi-square analysis.
Results. Of the 102 patients who were suitable for review, 83 received trea
tment with the Nd:YAG laser and 19 patients received treatment with PDT. Mo
rbidity rates were comparable in both groups (22 % for Nd:YAG vs 31 % for P
DT; P >.05). Equally common complications in both groups were respiratory f
ailure and hypoxemia. Five Nd:YAG patients (6 %) died within 30 days after
treatment (3 of respiratory failure, 2 of massive hemoptysis), whereas 2 pa
tients (10 %) in the PDT group (1 of massive hemoptysis, 1 of acute myocard
ial infarction) died (P >.05).
Conclusions, PDT and Nd:YAG have similar mortality and morbidity rates. In
our experience, PDT is a better choice for the tr treatment of malignant br
onchial obstruction because it is technically easier potentially safer, and
does not require general anesthesia.