The role of image-guidance systems for head and neck surgery

Background: Although image-guidance systems have gained widespread acceptan ce for neurosurgical procedures, their role for extracranial surgery of the head and neck is yet to be defined. Objective: To describe the authors' experience with image-guidance systems and to measure the effects of image-guided technology on the performance of minimally invasive otolaryngological procedures. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Optical- and electromagnetic-based image-guidance systems were use d during the performance of endoscopic surgery on patients with disease of the paranasal sinuses, orbit, skull base, and temporal bone (n = 79). Results were compared with those in control patients who underwent similar surgery without image guidance during the same period (n = 42). Results: Intraoperative anatomical localization was accurate to within 2 mm at the start of surgery in all cases. Accuracy degraded by 0.89 +/- 0.20 m m (mean +/- SE) during the operative procedure. The use of an image-guidanc e system increased operating room time by a mean of 17.4 minutes per case ( image-guidance group, 137.3 +/- 6.0 minutes [mean +/- SE]; control group, 1 19.9 +/- 5.7 minutes; P = .006) and increased hospital charges by approxima tely $496 per case. Intraoperative blood loss (image-guidance group, 178.4 +/- 18.0 mt [mean +/- SE]; control group, 149.4 +/- 20.1 mL) and complicati on rates (image-guidance group, 2.7%; control group, 4.7%) did not differ s ignificantly between groups. Conclusions: Image-guidance systems can provide the head and neck surgeon w ith accurate information regarding anatomical localization in cases with po or surgical landmarks caused by extensive disease or prior surgery; however , the use of such systems is associated with increased operative time and e xpense.