Challenges and promises of electrochemical detection and sensing

The field of electrochemical detection and sensing is briefly surveyed. Som e general problems are pointed out, e.g., the limited reproducibility of th e sensor surface, difficulties with the long-term stability of sensors, or slow response of many electrochemical devices. On the other hand, promises and opportunities for the future involve further sensor miniaturization, co mbination of sensing and detection with chemometric techniques and/or with other measuring techniques, potentialities of in vivo measurements in biolo gical objects, or mass production of simple and low cost single-use sensors .