Thickness of the lower uterine segment: its influence in the management ofpatients with previous cesarean sections

Objective: To determine how ultrasound measurement of the lower uterine seg ment affects the decision about delivery for patients with previous cesarea n sections (CS) and what are the consequences on cesarean section rates and uterine rupture or dehiscence. Design: Prospective open study. Patients: 1 98 patients: all women with a previous CS who gave birth in our department during 1995 and 1996 to an infant with a gestational age of at least 36 wee ks and who underwent ultrasound measurement of their lower uterine segment (95-96 study group), compared with a similar population from 1989 to 1994 w hose measurements were not provided to the treating obstetrician. Results: Among the patients with one previous CS, the vaginal delivery rate did not differ significantly during the two periods (70.3% for the 89-94 study peri od vs. 67.9% for the 95-96 study period, P=0.53), but the 95-96 study group experienced a significant increase in the rate of elective CS, compensated by a reduction in the rate of emergency CS (6.3% and 23.4%, respectively, for the 89-94 study period vs. 11.9% and 20.1% for the 95-96 study period, P=0.01). There was a very significant increase in the rate of vaginal deliv ery for the 95-96 study period among patients with two previous CS (26.7% v s. 8.0% for the 89-95 study period, P=0.01). The lower uterine segment was significantly thicker among women with a trial of labor than among those wi th an elective CS (4.5+/-1.4 mm compared with 3.8+/-1.5 mm; P=0.006); and t he trial of labor group contained significantly fewer women with a lower ut erine segment measurement less than 3.5 mm than did the elective CS group ( 24.0% compared with 56.6%; P<0.001). Two patients (0.8%) were found to have a defect of the uterine scar, a rate significantly lower than that observe d in the early group (3.9%, P=0.03). Conclusions: Ultrasound measurement of the lower uterine segment can increase the safe use of trial of labor, bec ause it provides an additional element for assessing the risk of uterine ru pture. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.