Dental applications of amorphous calcium phosphates

Amorphous calcium phosphate compounds (ACPs) have the highest rates of form ation and dissolution among all the calcium phosphates, and rapidly hydroly ze in situ to apatite, the tooth mineral. Dental applications based on thes e unique properties are being developed to prevent or repair incipient dent al caries, to decrease dentin sensitivity, and to improve means of bonding to dentin. Dentifrices, carbonated solutions, and aerosols containing high concentrations of calcium and phosphate can be used as calcifying agents, m outhrinses, artificial saliva, and for other dental applications. When appl ied, they readily precipitate ACPs initially. Soluble ACPs have potential f or use as an additive in chewing gum, a vehicle that releases beneficial io ns of calcium, phosphate, fluoride, bicarbonate and hydroxide for remineral ization. Bicarbonate, which regulates pH, stability, and precipitation by t he release of CO2, can control the remineralization process.