Stability and reactivity of the active assemblies in modified graphites characterized by TPD and TPH

Synthetic graphites, as prepared and modified by sulphonation or acetylatio n, were doped by Fe-, Co-, Ni- and Ca-nitrates. Temperature Programmed Deso rption (TPD) and Temperature Programmed Hydrogenation (TPH) were applied to characterize thermal stability and reactivity of the active assemblies for med on the matrix surface. The functional groups lowered the reactivity of the graphites. Thermally less stabile carboxylic groups decomposed with for mation of secondary groups giving more reactive material. Fe containing as well as sulphonated graphites showed a much lower reactivity than the other s. Synergistic effects of Co/Ca and Ni/Ca were confirmed in the graphite ma terials.