Pharmacology of [Tyr(1)]nociceptin analogs: receptor binding and bioassay studies

Two series of nociceptin (NC)-related peptides with or without replacement of the N-terminal Phe by Tyr have been investigated in an attempt to obtain compounds that interact with the NC receptor (ORL1) and classic opioid rec eptors. When tested for their ability to displace [H-3]NCNH2 ([H-3]nocicept in amide, ORL1 sites) or the selective opioid receptor ligands [H-3]DAMGO ( mu) [H-3]deltorphin Il (delta) and [H-3]U69593 (kappa) from their respectiv e binding sites in guinea-pig brain membranes, [Tyr(1)]NCNH2 and [Tyr(1)]NC (1-13)NH2 showed high affinities (K-i 2 nM and 5 nM, respectively) for ORL1 and approximately tenfold lower potency for mu (32 nM and 44 nM) and le si tes (42 nM and 48 nM). They also interacted. but with low potency (K-i 410 nM and 310 nM) with delta sites. Shorter fragments as [Tyr(1)]NC(1-9)NH2 an d [Tyr(1)]NC(1-5)NH2 were found to be inactive on ORL1, delta and kappa sit es, and extremely weak (K-i 2224 nM and 4228 nM, respectively) on mu Result s of bioassays performed on the guinea-pig ileum (ORL1 and mu receptors), m ouse vas deferens (ORL1 and delta receptors). and rabbit vas deferens (kapp a receptor) confirmed (at least partially) the data of the binding by showi ng that [Tyr(1)]NC analogs interact with functional ORL1 as well as with cl assic opioid receptors. [Tyr(1)]NCNH2 and [Tyr(1)]NC(1-13)NH2 behaved as mi xed ORL1/opioid receptor agonists showing similar affinities as the control NC sequence while [Tyr(1)]NC(1-9)NH2 and [Tyr(1)]NC(1-5)NH2 were inactive on ORL1 receptors but maintained some activities on opioid receptors: their effects were prevented by naloxone, The results of this study indicate that the replacement of Phe(1) by Tyr in NC leads to compounds which bind both the ORL1 and mu/kappa receptors and may represent new promising agents for use in peripheral organs.