The harvesting of organs for transplantation is dependent on a stringent de
finition of brain death. Different societies have had to struggle with thei
r cultural heritage, adapting it to conform to the advances in medical scie
nce and the need of the sick. In this article, the development of the conce
pt of brain death as it applies to organ transplantation in Judaism is outl
ined. The ability of traditional Jewish values to address themselves to the
challenges of modem medicine can serve as a basis for cultural cross-ferti
lization and comparison in modern societies.