A sulfate pocket formed by three GoU pairs in the 0.97 angstrom resolutionX-ray structure of a nonameric RNA

The crystal structure of the RNA duplex [r(CGUGAUCG)dC](2) has been solved at a resolution of 0.97 Angstrom. The model has been refined to R-work and R-free of 14.88% and 19.54% for 23,838 independent reflections, The base-pa iring scheme forces the 5'-rC to be excluded from the helix and to be disor dered, In the crystals, the sequence promotes the formation of two GoU wobb le pairs that cluster around a crystallographic threefold axis in two diffe rent ways, In the first contact type, the GoU pairs are exclusively surroun ded by water molecules, whereas in the other contact type, the three amino groups of the guanine residues of the symmetry-related GoU pairs trap a sul fate ion. This work provides the first example of the interaction of a GoU pair with a sulfate ion in a helical context, Despite the negative charge o n the polynucleotide backbone, the guanine amino N2 is able to attract nega tively charged groups that could, in the folding of complex RNA molecules, belong to a negative phosphodiester group from a neighboring strand and, in a RNA-protein complex, to a negative carboxyl group of an aspartate or glu tamate side chain.