Nonlinear analysis for the coupled problem of temperature and seepage fields in cold regions tunnels

The governing differential equations of the coupled problem of temperature and seepage fields with phase change are first derived from the theory of h eat transfer and the theory of seepage. The finite element formulae of this problem are obtained from Galerkin's method. And considering the seepage i nfluence, an illustrative example of the temperature field in a cold-region tunnel is provided. The example shows that the influence of seepage on the frozen depth of the tunnel is very great, and thus the effect of the seepa ge factor should be taken into account in the engineering design.