Respiratory viruses in adult liver transplant recipients

Background. The contribution of respiratory viruses to respiratory disease in adult liver transplant (LT) recipients has not been studied, We performe d a prospective audit to document the incidence of respiratory syncytial vi ruses ([RSVs], parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, and adenovirus) after LT, and to determine their contribution to respiratory disease in this sett ing. Methods. Consecutive adult recipients were followed for 8 months after LT. Throat swabs were collected weekly for up to 12 weeks after LT, and virolog ical surveillance was performed using conventional techniques (direct immun ofluorescence and cell culture). A polymerase chain reaction assay for RSV was subsequently performed on selected specimens. Clinical data, including episodes of respiratory disease, were also recorded. Results. During the study period, 51 patients received 53 LT, Five patients died, but no viruses were isolated from these patients at any stage. A tot al of 323 swabs were examined by conventional techniques and yielded 35 vir al isolates (10.8%). Herpes simplex virus (type 1) accounted for 33 isolate s, none of which were associated with respiratory disease. Two of 323 swabs (0.62%), in 2 patients, yielded respiratory viruses (both RSV); both patie nts had self-limiting, mild, upper respiratory tract symptoms. In these 2 p atients, the polymerase chain reaction assay was more sensitive than conven tional techniques and was able to detect extended RSV excretion. Of 51 reci pients, 31 (61%) were always negative for viruses. Of 51 recipients, 10 dev eloped respiratory failure, but no respiratory viruses were isolated from a ny of these patients. Conclusions. Respiratory viruses are rarely isolated from adult recipients after LT and are not associated with serious morbidity or with mortality. R outine surveillance for respiratory viruses in this patient population is n ot justified on the basis of this study.