Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance

Little empirical work has been done on the effect of stakeholder management on corporate performance. In this study, we contributed to stakeholder the ory development by (1) deriving two distinct stakeholder management models from extant research, (2) testing the descriptive accuracy of these models, and (3) including important variables from the strategy literature in the tested models. The results provide support for a strategic stakeholder mana gement model but no support for an intrinsic stakeholder commitment model. Implications of these findings for management practice and future research are discussed.