F. Medail et R. Verlaque, ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RARITY OF ENDEMIC PLANTS FROM SOUTHEAST FRANCE AND CORSICA - IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, Biological Conservation, 80(3), 1997, pp. 269-281
The analysis and comparison of endemic plants in southeast France (215
taxa representing 7.2% of the flora) and in Corsica (240 taxa, 11% of
the flora) exhibit similar ecological preferences and life strategies
(sensu Grime). Both show a clear altitudinal zonation, a predominance
of stress-tolerant taxa and an ability to colonize harsh habitats (wi
th low competition and disturbance). The particular characteristics of
these endemics primarily reflect the richness, topography and history
of the specialized habitats of the regions involved. However, the deg
ree of isolation and the intensity of competition probably helps to ex
plain the contraction of some endemic species' niches in southeast Fra
nce, and conversely the expansion of these niches in Corsica. The anal
ysis of data related to comparable territories in the Mediterranean an
d throughout southern Europe, seems to show that. (I) mountain isolati
on has generally been more favourable to endemism than insularity; and
(2) the degree of endemism often decreases as floristic richness incr
eases. Finally, 32% of endemic plants are threatened in Corsica, and 2
8% in southeast France. The low altitude zones are most affected, part
icularly coastal areas, rocky grasslands and damp ecosystems, but the
risks now extend throughout all sectors due to the increase of human a
ctivities. Faced with these major threats, in situ protective action m
ust be taken immediately through appropriate management of indigenous
populations, and scientific studies undertaken to analyse population v
iability. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.