Gangliosides are the binding substances in neural cells for tetanus and botulinum toxins in mice

We used the knockout mice lacking gangliosides and evaluated their response to tetanus and botulinum toxins. We found that tetanus toxin and botulinum type A or B toxin was less toxic in the knockout mice. We conclude that th e toxins bind to the gangliosides on the synapses in the initial step of in toxication prior to penetration of the toxins into the neural cells. (C) 19 99 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.