J. Arensburg et al., Expression of steroidogenic genes in maternal and extraembryonic cells during early pregnancy in mice, ENDOCRINOL, 140(11), 1999, pp. 5220-5232
The ontogeny and functional role of steroidogenesis during early gestation
in rodents is poorly understood. In previous studies, we have shown that ex
pression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding two key enzymes indispensable f
or de novo synthesis of steroid hormones, i.e. cholesterol side chain cleav
age cytochrome P450 (P450scc) and a newly identified isoform of murine 3 be
ta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VI (3 beta HSD VI), is initi
ated upon decidualization of the uterine wall induced by implantation. In s
itu hybridization and immunohistochemical visualization of 3 beta HSD VI mR
NA and protein shows high expression of this enzyme in the antimesometrial
cells of the decidua of days 6.5-7.5 post coitum (p.c.). Thereafter, expres
sion of 3 beta HSD VI in the decidual zones disappears and is replaced by a
high expression of mRNA and protein in the embryonal giant trophoblast cel
ls. At the peak of their development on day 9.5 p.c., the mouse giant troph
oblast cells also express Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein, wh
ich is required for steroidogenesis in the gonads and adrenal cortex. Our f
indings also suggest that the declining levels of P450scc, 3 beta HSD VI, a
nd StAR proteins between days 10.5-14.5 p.c, in the developing placenta is
consistent with previous reports that the mouse placenta is not involved in
de novo synthesis of steroids during the second half of pregnancy. Collect
ively, the results of the present study suggest that, during early phases o
f pregnancy, local progesterone synthesis in the maternal decidua and the t
rophoblast layers surrounding the embryonal cavity is important for success
ful implantation and/or maintenance of pregnancy. We propose that the local
production of progesterone acts as an immunosuppressant at the fetal mater
nal interface preventing the rejection of the fetal allograft.