Background: Allergen avoidance has been shown to improve the morbidity and
physiology of asthma, Although cockroach allergen has been implicated in ch
ronic asthma, little work has been reported on the feasibility of allergen
removal from infested homes.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of profess
ional pest control and home cleaning on cockroach infestation and allergen
concentrations in settled dust samples from the kitchens, bedrooms, and tel
evision-living rooms of inner-city homes.
Methods: Thirteen homes in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland, received a profe
ssional cleaning, with vacuuming and a thorough cleaning in the kitchen. Pe
st control technicians applied abamectin 0.05% gel to the kitchen and, to a
limited extent, to the rest of the home and the cleaning was repeated, Tec
hnicians visited monthly from month 2 to month 8 to inspect, collect dust s
amples, and place passive cockroach traps, Bla g 1 concentrations in dust e
xtract were measured by means of ELISA. Results: The number of cockroaches
captured in passive traps decreased rapidly in 11 homes, but complete exter
mination was achieved in only 7 homes. Bla g 1 concentrations were reduced
by 93% in kitchens, 77% in television-living rooms, and 74% in bedrooms. Th
e relative reduction in cockroach allergen was not related to successful ex
termination or to signs of poor housecleaning.
Conclusion: We concluded that cockroach extermination is feasible in inner-
city homes but that standard housecleaning procedures are only partially ef
fective in removing residual allergen over 8 months.