S. Andersen et al., Smoking cessation: The state of the science - The utility of the transtheoretical model in guiding interventions in smoking cessation, ONL J K S N, 6(9), 1999, pp. NIL_1-NIL_15
(1) Smoking remains the most significant modifiable risk factor for the lea
ding causes of death in the United States. The most frequently used theoret
ical model used to guide interventions directed toward smoking cessation ha
s been the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983 [24])
, although the effectiveness and efficacy of the model's use in guiding smo
king cessation interventions has not been fully evaluated. A non-statistica
l meta-analytic approach was used to examine reports of the use of the TTM
in smoking cessation interventions. Three elements were considered for incl
usion in this integrated review: the clear specification of the use of a th
eoretical framework, a specified intervention directed towards changing smo
king behavior, and a specified outcome of smoking behavior change. From 1,5
00 research articles, 16 reports fit these criteria. The assessment of the
research reviewed indicates that the TTM has not been fully tested in smoki
ng cessation interventions, nor have process mediators been used to determi
ne the mechanism of smoking behavior change.