T. Isoshima et K. Machida, Instability of the nonvortex state toward a quantized vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate under external rotation, PHYS REV A, 60(4), 1999, pp. 3313-3316
The instability condition of the nonvortex state toward vortex formation is
examined within the Bogoliubov theory when a Bose-Einstein condensate is u
nder externally forced rotation. The obtained critical angular velocity com
bined with the previous stability conditions for a vortex yields a detailed
phase diagram in the critical velocity vs the system parameter. This facil
itates vortex formation experiments for alkali-metal-atom gases confined in
a harmonic potential. [S1050-2947(99)01410-9].