H. Takaishi et al., Regulation of nuclear translocation of Forkhead transcription factor AFX by protein kinase B, P NAS US, 96(21), 1999, pp. 11836-11841
Citations number
36
Categorie Soggetti
Multidisciplinary
Journal title
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The regulation of intracellular localization of AFX, a human Forkhead trans
cription factor, was studied. AFX was recovered as a phosphoprotein from tr
ansfected COS-7 cells growing in the presence of FBS, and the phosphorylati
on was eliminated by wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol
(PI) 3-kinase. AFX was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase B (PKB),
a downstream target of PI 3-kinase, hut a mutant protein in which three put
ative phosphorylation sites of PKB had been replaced by Ala was not recogni
zed by PKB. In Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) cultured with serum, th
e AFX protein fused with green fluorescence protein (AFX-GFP) is localized
mainly in the cytoplasm, and wortmannin induced transient nuclear transloca
tion of the fusion protein. The AFX-GFP mutant in which all three phosphory
lation sites had been replaced by Ala was detected exclusively in the cell
nucleus. AFX-GFP was in the nucleus when the cells were infected with an ad
enovirus vector encoding a dominant-negative form of either PI 3-kinase or
PKB, whereas the fusion protein stayed in the cytoplasm when the cells expr
essed constitutively active PKB. In CHO-K1 cells expressing AFX-GFP, DNA fr
agmentation was induced by the stable PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, and t
he expression of the active form of PKB suppressed this DNA fragmentation.
The phosphorylation site mutant of AFX-GFP enhanced DNA fragmentation irres
pective of the presence and absence of PI 3-kinase inhibitor. These results
indicate that the nuclear translocation of AFX is negatively regulated thr
ough its phosphorylation by PKB.