Immunologic changes after transfusion of autologous or allogeneic buffy coat-poor versus white cell-reduced blood to patients undergoing arthroplasty. I. Proliferative T-cell responses and the balance of helper and suppressor T cells

BACKGROUND: Donor white cells (WBCs) contained in red cell (RBC) transfusio ns are thought to provoke downregulation of T-cell-mediated immunity. This study investigated this topic in otherwise healthy patients receiving buffy coat-depleted or WBC-filtered RBCs and undergoing standardized perioperati ve management. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery ( primary hip and knee replacement surgery) were enrolled in a prospective st udy. Perioperative changes in T-cell proliferation (stimulation with phytoh emagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte culture) and T-cell balance (T-lymphocyte s, helper T cells, and suppressor T cells) were compared after random assig nment to allogeneic buffy coat-depleted (Group 2, n = 8) or WBC-reduced RBC (Group 3, n = 11) transfusion regimens. Recipients of autologous buffy coa t-depleted RBC transfusions (n = 15) served as controls (Group 1). RESULTS: Compared to that in autologous transfusion recipients, alloantigen -induced T-cell proliferation was significantly reduced in recipients of al logeneic WBC-reduced RBCs (Day 3, p = 0.0274). After the transfusion of all ogeneic buffy coat-depleted RBCs, a weak trend toward decreased T-cell prol iferation was observed (p = 0.0933) and the numbers of CD4+ T cells were al so significantly lower (Day 7, p = 0.0389). On Day 10, alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation remained significantly below baseline after transfusio n of WBC-reduced RBCs (p = 0.05), the numbers of CD3+ cells decreased in al logeneic RBC recipients (Group 2, p = 0.078; Group 3, p = 0.05), and those of CD8+ cells decreased significantly after the transfusion of allogeneic b uffy coat-depleted RBCs (p = 0.0234) concomitant with an increased CD4:CD8 ratio (p = 0.0391). CONCLUSION: Results of the present study confirm the hypothesis of impaired T-cell-mediated immunity after allogeneic transfusion.