Ne. Grulke et L. Balduman, Deciduous conifers: High N deposition and O-3 exposure effects on growth and biomass allocation in ponderosa pine, WATER A S P, 116(1-2), 1999, pp. 235-248
Ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) 21 to 60 yr old were used
to assess the relative importance of environmental stressors (O-3, drought
) versus an enhancer (N deposition) on foliar retention, components of abov
eground growth, and whole tree biomass allocation. Sites were chosen across
a well-described gradient in ozone exposure (40 to 80 ppb per h, 24 h basi
s, 6 month growing season) and nitrogen deposition (5 to 40 kg ha(-1) yr(-1
)) in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles, California. A high
level of chlorotic mottle indicated high O-3 injury at sites closest to the
pollution source, despite potential for the mitigating effects of N deposi
tion. At the least polluted site, foliar biomass was evenly distributed acr
oss three of the five needle-age classes retained. At the most polluted sit
e, 95% of the foliar biomass was found in the current year's growth. High N
deposition and O-3 exposure combined to shift biomass allocation in pine t
o that of a deciduous tree with one overwintering needle age class. Based o
n whole tree harvests, root biomass was lowest at sites with the highest po
llution exposure, confirming previous chamber exposure and field studies. A
boveground growth responses in the high-pollution sites were opposite to th
ose expected for O-3 injury. Needle and lateral branch elongation growth, a
nd measures of wood production increased with increasing proximity to the p
ollution source. An enhancement of these growth attributes suggested that N
deposition dominated the ponderosa pine response despite high O-3 exposure
.