First rib metamorphosis: Its possible utility for human age-at-death estimation

Human first ribs demonstrate predictable, sequential changes in shape, size , and texture with increasing age, and thus, can be used as an indicator of age at death. Metamorphosis of the first rib's head, tubercle, and costal face was documented in a cross-sectional sample of preadult and adult first ribs of known age at death from the Hamann-Todd skeletal collection (Cleve land Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio). Blind tests of the useful ness of the first rib as an age indicator were conducted, including tabulat ion of intraobserver and interobserver inaccuracies and biases. First rib a ge estimates show inaccuracies and biases by decade comparable to those gen erated by other aging techniques. Indeed, the first rib method is useful as an isolated age indicator. When used in conjunction with other age indicat ors, the first rib improves the quality of summary age assessments. (C) 199 9 Wiley-Liss, Inc.