Reoperations for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidsm

Reoperations for persistent or recurrent primary or secondary hyperparathyr oidism are demanding tasks mainly when localization of parathyroid tumor(s) was not successful. These procedures may harbor a risk for the patients an d therefore need an expert surgeon who is familiar with even the most diffi cult situation. Important steps before surgery are confirmation of the diag nosis of persistent or recurrent disease and localization of the source of hormone access. Reoperations should be exclusively performed in centers whe re expert surgeons, radiologists, endocrinologists and nephrologists are av ailable, as well as special technical equipment.