Dl. Dahlsten et al., Long-term sampling of Eucallipterus tiliae (Homoptera : Drepanosiphidae) and associated natural enemies in a northern California site, ENV ENTOMOL, 28(5), 1999, pp. 845-850
Introduced Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) populations on Tilia cordata Miller in
northern California were sampled from 1981 to 1987. E. tiliae uas more abu
ndant in the lower canopy, with a tendency toward higher numbers in the nor
theastern sides of trees, but had no consistent pattern regarding inner ver
sus outer canopy. Aphid population densities fluctuated irregularly each se
ason and were not associated with parasitoid or predator densities. Trioxys
spp. (presumed to be predominately T. curvicaudus Mackauer) were the most
numerous associated natural enemies; and most abundant on the inner leaves
of the lower canopy on the northeastern sides of trees. Both E. tiliae and
parasitoids were significantly more abundant on trees with Argentine ants,
Linepithema humile (Mayr), present. Trunk banding with a sticky barrier exc
luded ants fi om trees in early- and midseason, but bands lost their effect
iveness late in the season. An unsuccessful attempt to establish Praon flav
inode (Haliday) on E. tiliae is also reported.