Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen on cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum BRC5 in agitated culture

Acetobacter xylinum BRC5 was cultivated in a jar fermenter using glucose as the sole carbon source. Strain BRC5 oxidized almost all of the glucose to gluconic acid; thereafter, it biosynthesized cellulose by utilizing gluconi c acid accumulated in the broth. The optimal: pH for metabolizing glucose t o gluconic acid was 4.0, while a pH of 5.5 was preferred for cell growth an d cellulose production from the accumulated gluconic acid in the medium. Sh ifting the pH from 4.0 to 5.5 during the cellulose production phase in batc h cultures improved cellulose production and reduced the total fermentation time, compared to batch cultures at constant pH. In constant fed-batch cul ture, 10 g/l of cellulose was obtained from 40 g/l of glucose, a yield whic h was approximately 2-fold higher than in batch culture with the same initi al glucose concentration, even without control of the level of dissolved ox ygen. The highest cellulose yield was obtained in fed-batch cultures in whi ch the dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled at 10% saturation. Con trol of pH and dissolved oxygen to optimal levels was effective for improvi ng the production rate and yield of cellulose, to achieve a high cellulose productivity of 0.3 g cellulose/l.h. Approximately 15 g/l of cellulose was considered to be the highest yield obtainable using conventional fermenters because the culture broth then became too viscous to allow satisfactory ae ration.