In situ hybridization is a technique to determine and localize target nucle
ic acids in morphologically preserved tissue sections. Recent advances in m
ethods have greatly increased the sensitivity of the technique, and it is c
urrently possible to detect extremely few copies of any given target sequen
ce with nonisotopic methods In this teaching review, we integrate theoretic
al background, technical considerations, and guidelines for usage for this
important component of molecular diagnosis.