The effects of three soil tillage systems on the structural state

The effects of three soil tillage systems on the structural state have been studied by means of field measurements. The three soil tillage systems cho sen and compared with initial state (IS), consisted of Conventional tillage (CT) using plough three furrows followed by cover crop disk, rigid teeth h arrow and roller; Simplified tillage (ST) using chizal eleven teeth followe d by combined operation spring tine cultivator - harrow, and roller; Minimu m tillage (MT) using cover crop disk followed by rigid teeth harrow and rol ler. The structural state has been characterized by superficial pulverizati on and roughness on the soil surface; penetration resistance; hydric profil e and apparent density. The result show that superficial pulverization read ing from simplified and minimum tillage (ST & MT) is more divided than prod uced by conventional tillage (CT), the different size of lump of earth in s urface is mixed with stubble. The penetration resistance profile is more hi gh for simplified and minimum tillage from 10 at 25 cm. The increase in res istance for cm measured, is small for conventional tillage, which is showed progressive and less brutal profile. The humidity profile after the three soil tillage systems, increase following IS < CT < ST < MT. Humidity profil e associated for simplified and minimum tillage (ST, MT) is similar, but it is clearly more important in comparison to conventional tillage (CT) in th e layer from 10 at 25 cm. Simplified and minimum tillage seams to have incr eased porosity on upper layer on the soil, bur conventional tillage using p lough with furrow favoured better porosity on the depth of profile.