Rapid change is under way on several fronts in medicine and surgery. Advanc
es in computing power have enabled continued growth in virtual reality, vis
ualization, and simulation technologies. The ideal learning opportunities a
fforded by simulated and virtual environments have prompted their explorati
on as learning modalities for surgical education and training. Ongoing impr
ovements in this technology suggest an important future role for virtual re
ality and simulation in surgical education and training.